Substrate · Plans PL-00001 → PL-00008

The US
ProgramEight plans, checked against the numbers

Energy, housing, healthcare, education, work, government, money. Every number carries a source. Every plan names what would prove it wrong.

Status Draft v1Issued 2026-07-24Author Daniel Miessler
Plate 01 — The Brief

What this is

Eight plans for fixing the United States, written so they can be checked, with a public backend that lets anyone check them.

Most national plans are written so they cannot be checked. They name a direction, avoid a rate, and put the number somewhere the reader will not multiply it. These do the multiplication in public.

Each plan states where we actually are with sourced figures, what has to change, the strategies with numeric targets attached, and the specific observations that would prove the plan wrong. Each one also carries a section called How this fails, because the strongest objection belongs in the document rather than in the replies.

They are not eight separate documents. They share a workforce, a permitting system, and a balance sheet, and they fail together if any of three of them fail.

America's problems are mostly execution problems. Execution problems are measurable. That is the whole premise.
What does 10× American energy in four years actually demand?
2,925 GW/yr
34× the record 86 GW planned for 2026. The buildrate is the work.
How much does the US overpay for healthcare?
17.2%
of GDP against an OECD average of 9.3% — for 2.7 fewer years of life.
How many twelfth graders can't do basic math?
45%
Below NAEP basic — the highest share ever recorded.
What does the federal government mispay each year?
$186B
Across 64 programs. About $3 trillion since 2003.
What does the median household need to buy the median home?
$112,900
It earns $83,730. A $29,200 gap on the median house.
What does interest on the debt cost this year?
$1.0T
3.3% of GDP, a record. $2.1 trillion by 2036.

None of those six numbers is contested. They come from EIA, OECD, NAGB, GAO, Census and CBO. The argument is about what to do, and that argument is easier to have when everyone is looking at the same table.

Plate 02 — The Program

Eight plans

Each one stands alone and each one depends on the others. Click through to the detail.

How they connect

  • Government is the enabling plan. Nothing else executes if permits take four years and $186B a year leaks. Buildout, housing and healthcare all inherit its timelines.
  • Healthcare is the fiscal plan. Health spending at 17.2% of GDP is the largest recoverable pool in American public life. Fiscal solvency depends on it more than on any tax change.
  • Education and Work are the same pipeline at two ages. The buildout needs 100,000 electricians a year and housing needs 250,000 construction trades. Neither exists without them.
  • The buildout is the physical layer. Cheap abundant energy is the growth lever under the fiscal plan and the input to everything else.
PL-00002 — The Buildout

Energy, autonomy, capability

10× American energy capacity, a domestic drone and robotics industry, and free training for 50 million adults — paid for without touching households.

2,925
GW/yr required for 10× in four years — 34× the 2026 record of 86 GW
3 GW/yr
Domestic solar cell capacity, under 69.9 GW/yr of module capacity
2,061 GW
Already sitting in interconnection queues, median wait over 4 years
3.1M
Direct energy jobs, derived at 1,690 workers per GW
Annual build rate, gigawatts
US actual, 2025
largest since 2002
53
US planned, 2026
all-time record
86
Whole world, renewables 2025
largest ever recorded
692
Required for 16× / 10 yr
1,950
Required for 10× / 4 yr
2,925
  1. S1Climb the rate ladder. 86 GW/yr today to a sustained 250 GW/yr, 1,860 GW added over ten years. Target: ~3,160 GW installed by 2036.
  2. S2Cell independence. Underwrite the 56 GW of announced-but-unbuilt cell plants with offtake guarantees. Target: 60 GW/yr domestic cells by 2030.
  3. S3Transformer surge. Lead times are 128 weeks, up to four years for high-capacity units, with prices up 77% since 2019. Target: under 52 weeks by 2030.
  4. S4Queue reform. 2,061 GW is already financed, sited and designed. Process converts it at near-zero capital cost. Target: median request-to-operation under 24 months.
  5. S5One million electricians. DOL projects 81,000 openings a year as replacement demand alone. Target: 100,000 new electricians and line workers a year.
The honest part. 10× in four years demands more new capacity than human civilization has ever built, and the four-year leg needs a 1.5× higher annual rate than the ten-year one. None of that lowers the ambition — it identifies what stands between 86 GW/yr and a rate that could reach it, and funds those four things first.

Read the full plan →

PL-00003 — Housing

Build 15 million homes

The shortage is a permitting artifact, not a construction-capacity one.

5.08
National price-to-income ratio, against a ~2.6 rule of thumb. A record high.
$29,200
Gap between the income needed for a median home ($112,900) and the median household income ($83,730)
3.7–10M
Shortage estimates: Freddie Mac's low end to the White House CEA's high end
750,000
Multifamily units already cleared zoning that never applied for a permit
  1. S1Legalize the housing. By-right approval on objective standards, conditioned into federal formula funds — the only federal lever over local zoning that has ever worked. Target: median permit decision under 60 days.
  2. S2Build what is already legal. A federal construction-lending facility for the 750,000 entitled-but-unbuilt units. Approvals sunk, sites entitled, design done. Target: backlog under 100,000.
  3. S3Industrialize the build. Housing productivity per worker has not risen in fifty years. Target: 30% of new units factory-built by 2036.
  4. S4Make the trades a career again. Target: 250,000 construction-trade completions a year.
  5. S5Stop subsidizing the shortage. Demand subsidies in a supply-constrained market raise prices. Phase them down as supply arrives. Unpopular and correct.

Read the full plan →

PL-00004 — Healthcare

Costs what it's worth

America pays 2.5× the developed world and lives 2.7 fewer years. Closing that gap is the largest pool of recoverable money in American public life.

17.2%
of GDP on health, against an OECD average of 9.3%
$14,885
Per capita, against an OECD average of $5,967 PPP
78.4 yrs
Life expectancy — 2.7 years below the OECD average
~$1.6T
Released annually at 12% of GDP — still above every peer country
  1. S1One price list, published. A market cannot clear on secret prices and neither can a regulator. Target: 100% transparency compliance with real penalties by 2028.
  2. S2Reference pricing on everything the government buys. Federal programs are roughly half of American healthcare. Target: benchmarked to a basket of peer-country prices.
  3. S3Kill the administrative layer with software. One claims standard, one eligibility API, one prior-auth schema. Target: under $400 per person, from over $1,000.
  4. S4Pay for prevention like it's a procedure. Metabolic disease drives the outcome gap more than access does. Target: measurable reduction in age-adjusted prevalence.
  5. S5Publish the outcomes. Price transparency without outcome transparency is a race to the cheapest. Target: full risk-adjusted outcome publication by 2030.
Every dollar saved is a dollar of someone's revenue, concentrated in politically effective industries. This is the most defended money in the country, and the savings here come from price and paperwork — not from rationing anyone's care.

Read the full plan →

PL-00005 — Education

Education for Human 3.0

Record spending and record-low outcomes, in the same year. Any plan that opens with "spend more" has not read the table.

Share of students below NAEP Basic — not below proficient, below basic, the lowest of three levels. NAEP 2024.
CohortReadingMathNote
4th grade40%24%Largest reading share since 2002
8th grade34%39%Largest in NAEP's 32 years of reading testing
12th grade32%45%Highest math share ever recorded
Spending per pupil, FY2024$17,619+6.6%A historic high, in the same year
  1. S1Mastery gates, not grade levels. No advancement past a foundational gate without demonstrating it, with unlimited attempts and no stigma. Target: below-basic under 10% by 2036.
  2. S2One tutor per student. The two-sigma result has been known since 1984 and was never affordable. It is now. Target: every student has an AI tutor with a human teacher supervising by 2030.
  3. S3Teach how the world actually works. Physical law, evolution, economics, statistics, incentives, propaganda, and how to evaluate a claim. Target: required sequence in every state by 2032.
  4. S4Make building things a graduation requirement. Every student ships something real that someone outside the school saw. Target: 100% of graduates with a portfolio, not just a transcript.
  5. S5Publish everything. Per-school, per-dollar, risk-adjusted, standard schema. Target: full outcome transparency by 2030.

Per-pupil spending is held flat in real terms in this plan on purpose. If outcomes only move by adding money, the plan is wrong and should be replaced rather than funded.

Read the full plan →

PL-00006 — Work & Income

Through the AI transition

The country is going to have a labor shortage and a displacement crisis at the same time, in different places. Any plan that treats that as one problem gets it wrong.

~16,000
Net US jobs displaced by AI per month — 25,000 eliminated, 9,000 created
−15%
Entry-level job postings, year over year
−20%
Employment for software developers aged 22–25 since 2024
−5.9M
Projected labor force change by 2032 — from aging, not AI

192,000 net displacements a year is about 0.1% of a 170-million labor force. But it is not spread evenly: it lands almost entirely on people entering the workforce, in exactly the roles that used to be how a career started. The ladder is losing its bottom rungs while the building is still standing.

  1. S1Fund the person, not the job. Training, credentials, tooling and startup capital attach to the individual and travel with them. Target: every adult has a portable capability account by 2030.
  2. S2Rebuild the entry rung deliberately. If firms no longer hire juniors, the training that used to happen inside firms has to happen somewhere. Target: 1 million funded apprenticeships a year by 2032.
  3. S3Point the displaced at the shortage. The country is short 81,000 electricians and 250,000 construction trades while automating claims processing. Nothing currently connects those people. Target: placement within 12 months.
  4. S4Make owning a business the default option. Most people have never been shown how. Target: 5 million new independent businesses by 2036.
  5. S5Measure it honestly, monthly. Net displacement by occupation, entry-level postings, time-to-placement, formation rate, on a fixed public schema. The policy has to change when the rate changes.
This is the plan most likely to be wrong. Every figure above is a 2026 measurement of a process that is not linear. If net displacement passes a million a year, this plan is sized an order of magnitude too small and needs replacing rather than adjusting. That is written into the plan as its falsifier.

Read the full plan →

PL-00007 — Government

A government that runs on understanding

Not how big the state is — how well it does the things it has already decided to do. Every other plan here runs through this one.

$186B
Improper payments in FY2025 across 64 programs, up $24B year over year
79%
Of a $100B+ federal IT budget spent on operations and maintenance
54 months
CEQ average to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement, up from ~1 year in 1997
3 of 10
Critical legacy modernizations identified in 2019 that are finished
  1. S1State, Policy, Questions, Actions. Rebuild program administration on live state, explicit policy, continuous evaluation, and defined action — instead of procedure manuals executed by people. Target: the ten largest benefit programs on SPQA by 2034.
  2. S2Pay when you can verify, not when the clock runs out. Not more auditors — verification against live authoritative state at the moment of payment. Target: improper payments under $40B, recovering ~$150B a year.
  3. S3Shot clocks with defaults. A deadline without a default outcome is a suggestion. Target: median EIS under 18 months, median environmental assessment under 6.
  4. S4Fund replacement, not maintenance. Cap operations budgets on a declining schedule so agencies must modernize to keep operating. Target: maintenance under 50% of IT spend.
  5. S5Publish state continuously. Not an annual report — a live feed on a public schema. Target: every major program by 2032.
The boundary that has to be designed in, not added later: a government that can see itself in real time can see citizens in real time. Live state is a surveillance surface, and this plan is wrong if it ships without that constraint built into the architecture.

Read the full plan →

PL-00008 — Fiscal

Solvency

Interest is the fastest-growing line in the budget and it buys nothing. No road, no grid, no student, no cure.

$1.0T
Net interest in 2026 — 3.3% of GDP, eclipsing the 1991 record
$2.1T
Net interest by 2036 on current projections
101% → 120%
Debt held by the public as a share of GDP, 2026 to 2036. Prior record was 106% in 1946.
$1.9T
FY2026 deficit — 5.8% of GDP
  1. S1Treat healthcare as the fiscal plan. Getting health spending to 12% of GDP releases ~$1.6 trillion a year. The federal share is the largest deficit reduction available anywhere. Target: federal health spending growing slower than GDP by 2030.
  2. S2Collect what is already owed. $186B a year in improper payments, plus $233–521B in estimated annual fraud losses. Not a tax and not a cut. Target: ~$150B/yr recovered.
  3. S3Restore the corporate base. Receipts fell 14.7% in FY2025 to $452B against $264B in annual corporate tax expenditures. Target: +$300B/yr.
  4. S4Grow the denominator. Cheap energy, affordable housing near jobs, a workforce that can do the work, a state that permits in months. The highest ceiling and the least controllable lever — no responsible version of this plan assumes it.
  5. S5Term out the debt while you can. A rate shock against a short average maturity turns a manageable interest line into an unmanageable one inside two years. The cheapest insurance in the plan and the least discussed.

Read the full plan →

Plate 09 — The Money

Where it comes from

Price, waste, and base. Not households, and not new deficit.

Federal revenue was $5.2T in FY2025 and corporate income tax receipts were $452.1B. The recoverable pool below is larger than the program that spends it.
SourceAnnualWhere it comes from
Health price and administration~$1.6T17.2% → 12% of GDP, still above every peer country (PL-00004)
Corporate tax expenditure repeal$264BJCT total corporate tax expenditures, 2025 (PL-00002, PL-00008)
Improper payments and fraud~$150BOf $186B/yr misspent across 64 programs (PL-00007)
AI infrastructure levy$109B15% of $725B in 2026 hyperscaler capex (PL-00002)
Profit-shifting recovery$100B$369B was booked in havens in 2022 (PL-00002, PL-00008)
Total recoverable~$2.2T/yrAgainst a program costing well under a quarter of it
Two things must be said plainly. The corporate lines roughly double corporate taxation — $364B on top of $452B collected — and calling that "closing loopholes" rather than the largest corporate tax increase in modern US history is not honest. And the $1.6 trillion health line is every dollar of somebody's revenue; it is the most defended money in the country, which is why it has never moved.

The conservative case

The buildout's funding stack is the one costed to the dollar, and it is close enough that four inputs can break it — blended capex per GW, the integration adder, the profit-shifting estimate, and the fact that $127B of the expenditure repeal comes from credits that subsidize this program's own buildout. Run all four conservatively and the stack is $306B/yr instead of $473B/yr, which funds about 65% of the energy ladder and forces its last three years down.

That number belongs on this page as much as the headline does.

Plate 10 — The Backend

How the claims get validated

The plans are not documents. They are a graph of files in a public repository, and every node in it can be attacked separately.

Substrate is an open framework for structured knowledge about problems and progress. Problems, Solutions, Claims, Funding-Sources, Risks and Data are separate objects that reference each other by ID. A plan is not prose containing assertions; it is a spine that points at objects, each of which stands or falls on its own.

That structure is what makes a policy plan checkable. You do not have to accept or reject the whole thing. You can go after one node.

Problems — what is broken, with evidence
PR-00001
US electricity buildrate ceiling
PR-00002
Drone & robotics industrial dependence
PR-00003
Adult AI capability gap
PR-00004
Corporate tax base erosion
Solutions — what to do, with rates and costs
SO-00001
Federal energy buildrate program
SO-00002
Domestic autonomy manufacturing push
SO-00003
Universal free AI & business training
Funding sources — where the money comes from
FS-00001
AI infrastructure levy
FS-00002
Corporate tax expenditure repeal
FS-00003
Profit shifting recovery
Claims — the assertions, each with a reasoning chain
CL-00001
What 10× in four years actually demands
CL-00002
Named funding covers the reachable buildout
CL-00003
The buildout employs over three million people
Risks — how it fails
RI-00001
Funding a buildrate the supply chain cannot absorb
RI-00002
The AI levy drives the capital offshore
RI-00003
The plan automates the jobs it trains people for

The five validation rules

  1. 01Every number carries a primary source. Not a summary of a source, and not a number recalled from memory. If a figure appears in a plan, its origin is a link to EIA, BLS, CBO, JCT, GAO, OECD, Census, NAGB, LBNL, IFR, SEIA, Freddie Mac, or a named academic paper.
  2. 02Derived numbers are labeled derived. The ~1,300 GW energy baseline is arithmetic on top of EIA's published 1,189,492 MW, and the plan says so every time it uses it. A derived number presented as a measured one is the most common way policy documents lie without lying.
  3. 03Every claim names what would falsify it. Each file ends with the specific observations that would prove it wrong — a single year of US capacity additions above 500 GW, health administration failing to fall after claims standardization, entry-level postings recovering on their own. If you cannot say what would change your mind, you have written a slogan.
  4. 04Each plan argues against itself in public. Every plan carries a section called How this fails. The 10× target is the author's own and the plan states what it would demand. The funding section states the conservative case that breaks its own match.
  5. 05Every object is separately attackable. Reject the profit-shifting estimate and the stack drops to $373B/yr and the energy ladder shortens — the rest survives. Contributions arrive as pull requests against a single file, so disagreement is a diff rather than an argument.

The point of the backend is not that the plans are right. It is that they are checkable, and that checking them is cheap enough that people actually will.

Plate 11 — Metrics

How you would know it is working

Every baseline here is a published figure from an agency that will keep publishing it, so progress can be checked annually without the program reporting on itself.

The full per-plan metric tables live in each plan file. This is the cross-program dashboard.
MetricPlanBaseline20302036Source of truth
Annual electric capacity additionsPL-0000286 GW160 GW250 GWEIA
Domestic solar cell capacityPL-000023 GW/yr60 GW/yr80 GW/yrSEIA
Median interconnection timePL-00002>48 mo24 mo18 moLBNL
Robot density, per 10,000PL-000023076001,220IFR
Homes completed per yearPL-00003~1.4M2.0M2.2MCensus
Price-to-income ratioPL-000035.084.3≤3.5JCHS
Health spending, % of GDPPL-0000417.2%15%12%OECD
Life expectancyPL-0000478.480.0≥81.1OECD
Admin cost per personPL-00004>$1,000$600<$400OECD / PGPF
8th grade below basic, mathPL-0000539%25%<10%NAEP
12th grade below basic, mathPL-0000545%28%<10%NAEP
Entry-level postings, YoYPL-00006−15%0%positiveHiring Lab
Funded apprenticeships per yearPL-00006—500,0001,000,000DOL
New independent businesses, cumulativePL-0000601.5M5MCensus BFS
Improper payments, annualPL-00007$186B$100B<$40BGAO
Federal IT spend on maintenancePL-0000779%65%<50%GAO
Median EIS durationPL-00007>48 mo24 mo18 moCEQ / RFF
Debt held by the public, % of GDPPL-00008101%103%≤100%CBO
Net interest, % of GDPPL-000083.3%3.1%<3.0%CBO
Deficit, % of GDPPL-000085.8%4.0%<3.0%CBO

The three leading indicators that matter most

  • Cost per installed gigawatt. If it rises faster than the buildrate ladder, the program is being absorbed as inflation rather than converted into capacity. Every large industrial appropriation fails this way, and it shows up here a year or two before anywhere else.
  • Health spending growth versus GDP growth. The fiscal plan is downstream of this single ratio. If it does not cross, nothing else closes.
  • Entry-level job postings. The cheapest early read on whether the AI transition is a reallocation or a collapse.
Plate 12 — Sources

Every number, traceable

If a figure appears anywhere above, it came from one of these.

Energy capacity & generation
EIA — Electricity generation, capacity and sales
EIA — Record generating capacity additions in 2026
EIA — Construction costs for solar, wind and gas generators
World installed power capacity
IRENA via Earth.org — 692 GW of renewables added in 2025

Grid constraints
LBNL — Queued Up 2025
POWER — Transformers in 2026
pv magazine — Transformer lead times
SEIA — Module capacity and the cell gap

Labor
CEWD — Energy workforce fast facts (USEER 2025, DOL)
Goldman Sachs Research — workforce per 300 GW
NREL — JEDI labor modeling
BLS — Employment Situation
US civilian labor force
Indeed Hiring Lab — workforce, AI and reallocation
AI displacement statistics (Goldman Sachs, Apr 2026)

AI demand & capital
LBNL / DOE — Data center demand through 2028
Statista — Big Tech AI capex, $725B in 2026
Hyperscaler capex by company
CNBC — AI spending approaches $700B

Housing
Freddie Mac — Housing supply shortage
White House CEA — 10 million home shortage
Multifamily production and the entitled-but-unbuilt backlog
Home price-to-income ratio by metro
Income needed to buy a home, 2026
Harvard JCHS — price-to-income at a record high

Healthcare
OECD — Health at a Glance 2025, United States
PGPF — US health system vs peers
Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker
Commonwealth Fund — Global perspective 2026

Education
NAGB — Nation's Report Card, reading and math
NAGB — 12th grade declines
Hechinger — NAEP 2024 analysis
Chalkbeat — 12th grade NAEP scores
Census — Per-pupil spending, FY2024

Government
GAO — Improper payments, FY2025
CRFB — $186B in improper payments
GAO — Fraud and improper payments
GAO — Modernizing decades-old legacy systems
RFF — NEPA timelines for clean energy projects
Carlton Fields — NEPA permitting reviews

Fiscal & tax
CBO — Budget and Economic Outlook, 2026 to 2036
CBO — Revenues in fiscal year 2025
CRFB — Net interest costs will double again
BEA — GDP, year 2025
PGPF citing JCT — six largest corporate tax expenditures
CRFB — JCT projects $2.3T in tax expenditures
JCT — full repeal only reaches a 28% rate
Wier & Zucman — Global profit shifting, 1975–2019
CEPR — Profits in tax havens

Autonomy
IFR — Robot density
IFR — US robot installations
CEPA — China's drone ecosystem
DJI market share statistics
DroneLife — DoD Drone Dominance

Training
TCF — Reimagining WIOA
CRS — WIOA and the one-stop delivery system